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36 Revolutionary Figures of History

Learn more about the revolutionary individuals who have transformed our world in ways that still resonate today.
Ask anything about The Great Courses
 
 

Overview Course No. 9003

Alexander the Great. Jesus. Darwin. Churchill. These are just a few of the revolutionary individuals who have transformed our world in ways that still resonate today. 36 Revolutionary Figures of History is a unique collection of 36 lectures from our extensive course catalog—one that takes you across time and around the globe to offer piercing insights into some of history’s most transformative figures.

About

J. Rufus Fears

We are no wiser than the Athenians of the 5th century B.C., no wiser than Sophocles for our science of today has shown us the overwhelming power of genes, of DNA.

INSTITUTION

University of Oklahoma
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By This Professor

Famous Greeks
854
The World Was Never the Same: Events That Changed History
854
Life Lessons from the Great Books
854
The Wisdom of History
854
Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius

To study the deepest impulses in human nature, we see the lure of wealth and conquest, the deep-seated urge for fame and glory, the quest for higher ends, a basic human determination.

INSTITUTION

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius is a Professor of History at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He received his PhD in European History, specializing in modern German history, from the University of Pennsylvania. He has published numerous articles and two books: The German Myth of the East: 1800 to the Present and War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I. He won the top two teaching awards at the University of Tennessee and was awarded a prestigious research fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities.

By This Professor

Turning Points in Modern History
854
Apollo 11: Lessons for All time
853
Utopia and Terror in the 20th Century
854
A History of Eastern Europe
854
Kenneth W. Harl

We will be looking largely at archeological evidence and analysis done by anthropologists because we are operating largely in a world without writing.

INSTITUTION

Tulane University
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By This Professor

The Ottoman Empire
854
The Barbarian Empires of the Steppes
854
The Vikings
854
The Fall of the Pagans and the Origins of Medieval Christianity
854
Allen C. Guelzo

For Lincoln, no matter what our political persuasions, moral principle in the end is all that unites us and all that ensures that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and the government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

INSTITUTION

Gettysburg College
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By This Professor

America's Founding Fathers
854
Mr. Lincoln: The Life of Abraham Lincoln
854
The American Mind
854
A History of the United States, 2nd Edition
854
Dorsey Armstrong

Every turning point discussed in these lectures shifted the flow of the river of history, bringing us ever closer to the modern world.

INSTITUTION

Purdue University

Dorsey Armstrong is a Professor of English and Medieval Literature at Purdue University, where she is also the head of the Department of English. She received her PhD in Medieval Literature from Duke University. She is the executive editor of the academic journal Arthuriana, which publishes cutting-edge research on the legend of King Arthur, from its medieval origins to its modern enactments. She is a recipient of the Charles B. Murphy Outstanding Undergraduate Teaching Award, Purdue’s top undergraduate teaching honor. Her other Great Courses include The Black Death: The World’s Most Devastating Plague and The Medieval World.

By This Professor

King Arthur: History and Legend
854
Years That Changed History: 1215
854
Women of History
853
The Black Death: Did Humans Spread the Plague?
853
Lawrence Cahoone

The Great Courses deeply challenged my skills in teaching philosophy, while making it fun too.

INSTITUTION

College of the Holy Cross
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By This Professor

The Modern Political Tradition: Hobbes to Habermas
854
The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida
854
Patrick N. Allitt

We live in a world that has created many new incentives for us to become lifelong learners. Luckily, lifelong learning is a pleasure.

INSTITUTION

Emory University

Patrick N. Allitt is Cahoon Family Professor of American History at Emory University, where he has taught since 1988. He received his PhD in American History from the University of California, Berkeley, and completed postdoctoral fellowships at Harvard Divinity School and Princeton University. He is a widely published author whose books include A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism; The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities throughout American History; and Religion in America since 1945: A History.

By This Professor

The Industrial Revolution
854
The Great Tours: England, Scotland, and Wales
854
Victorian Britain
854
The Surprising Origins of Christmas Traditions
853
Bob Brier

To a great extent, the fun of history is in the details. Knowing what kind of wine Tutankhamen preferred makes him come alive.

INSTITUTION

Long Island University
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By This Professor

Decoding the Secrets of Egyptian Hieroglyphs
854
Great Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt
854
History of Ancient Egypt
854
Wondrium Perspectives
853
Mark W. Muesse

Mindfulness allows us to become keen observers of ourselves and gradually transform the way our minds operate.

INSTITUTION

Rhodes College
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By This Professor

Practicing Mindfulness: An Introduction to Meditation
854
Great World Religions: Hinduism
854
Confucius, Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad
854
Steven L. Goldman

After 50 years, I continue to find new depths and fresh excitement in studying the history and philosophy of science.

INSTITUTION

Lehigh University
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By This Professor

Science in the 20th Century
854
Science Wars: What Scientists Know and How They Know It
854
Great Scientific Ideas That Changed the World
854
Thomas Childers

Facts don't change, but we do, and our perspective on them changes. We learn new things, and as a result of this, it is necessary to reevaluate ... what we have known and how it looks different to us at this particular point.

INSTITUTION

University of Pennsylvania
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By This Professor

A History of Hitler's Empire, 2nd Edition
854
World War II: A Military and Social History
854
Robert I. Weiner

Understanding the past on some meaningful level can give additional meaning to our lives-a sense of balance and perspective that facilitates civilized behavior, the ability to empathize and not to take ourselves too seriously.

INSTITUTION

Lafayette College
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By This Professor

The Long 19th Century: European History from 1789 to 1917
854
Seth Lerer

Anyone who comes to know English as a child in school, or as an adult who speaks another language, is invariably confronted by the strangeness of its spelling.

INSTITUTION

University of California, San Diego
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By This Professor

History of the English Language, 2nd Edition
854
Grant Hardy

Religion offers a window on the world. It's not the only window, but it's a large one, which provides a grand vista of much of human life in both the past and the present.

INSTITUTION

University of North Carolina, Asheville
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By This Professor

Great Minds of the Eastern Intellectual Tradition
854
Sacred Texts of the World
854
Richard Baum

Modern China has been a source of endless fascination, sometimes evoking feelings of profound admiration, while at other times leaving me feeling bitterly frustrated and outraged. One thing that China has never been, is boring.

INSTITUTION

University of California, Los Angeles
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By This Professor

The Fall and Rise of China
854
Edward T. O'Donnell

One central idea I try to communicate in my courses is that history is the study of choices. It follows no predetermined script. History is determined by the choices made by people both famous and unknown.

INSTITUTION

College of the Holy Cross
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By This Professor

Turning Points in American History
854
America in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
854
Frederick Gregory

History of science has taught me that scientists remain very human as they strive to be objective. Overcoming personal differences, so vital to our ultimate survival, is as much a challenge for them as it is in politics or religion.

INSTITUTION

University of Florida
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By This Professor

The Darwinian Revolution
854
John L. Esposito

Once I began to study Islam, I discovered a religious tradition with close affinities to Judaism and Christianity, with a rich religious, historical, and civilizational legacy that I had never been told about before.

INSTITUTION

Georgetown University
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Great World Religions: Islam
854
Lawrence M. Principe

One of the best things about history, to my mind, is that it gives us a sense of perspective-a perspective that often reveals how strange and atypical our times are in relation to the past.

INSTITUTION

Johns Hopkins University
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Science and Religion
854
Robert C. Bartlett

INSTITUTION

Boston College
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Masters of Greek Thought: Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle
854
Phillip Cary

In many ways, Plato was the founding figure of Western philosophy; although there were philosophers before him, his writings were the first that founded a lasting Western philosophy.

INSTITUTION

Eastern University
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Luther: Gospel, Law, and Reformation
854
The History of Christian Theology
854
Elizabeth Vandiver

I think many of the stories that we tell ourselves as a society–the stories that encode our hopes, aspirations, and fears–preserve the traces of classical culture and myth and are part of our classical legacy.

INSTITUTION

Whitman College
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By This Professor

The Odyssey of Homer
854
Classical Mythology
854
Greek Tragedy
854
John W. I. Lee

The Persian Empire is a great case study in the lifecycle of ancient empires. By studying it, we can really see how the right conditions and the right leaders can drive rapid historical change.

INSTITUTION

University of California, Santa Barbara
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The Persian Empire
854
Garrett G. Fagan

To learn about the people of antiquity is to examine the foundations of how we live today. They are at once alien and familiar, an image of ourselves glimpsed in a distant mirror.

INSTITUTION

The Pennsylvania State University
Garrett G. Fagan (1963–2017) was a Professor of Ancient History at Pennsylvania State University. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, and was educated at Trinity College. He earned his PhD from McMaster University and held teaching positions at McMaster University, York University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He also gave many public lectures to audiences of all ages. Professor Fagan had an extensive research record in Roman history and held a prestigious Killam Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship at the University of Cologne. He published numerous articles in international journals, and he wrote Bathing in Public in the Roman World. He also edited a volume on the phenomenon of pseudoarcheology.

By This Professor

The History of Ancient Rome
854
Great Battles of the Ancient World
854
Dennis Dalton

There is such athing as unity of being, and that the highest truth is when we manage,as individuals, to perceive oneself in all being.  Once that is achieved, once the separateness is overcome,then illusions will be overwhelmed as well.

INSTITUTION

Barnard College, Columbia University
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Don Howard

INSTITUTION

University of Notre Dame
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Jeremy Adams

Epictetus believed that the only things in our power are our will and our body. Our will is always free, and we must keep both it and our body untainted; and in that way, we will avoid pain, which is merely external to us.

INSTITUTION

Southern Methodist University
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Jonathan Steinberg

Nothing I have done has reached so many people as my European History and European Lives: 1715 to 1914. A long-distance truck driver e-mailed me that he listened to the biographies as he drove. Bismarck on Route 66!

INSTITUTION

University of Pennsylvania
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Sherwin B. Nuland

The underlying philosophy of the Hippocratic physicians was that disease involves a patient’s entire body and mind, so therapy must be directed to the whole context of the patient’s life situation rather than a small part of it.

INSTITUTION

Yale School of Medicine
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Peter C. Mancall

The revolution left posterity with the transforming idea that the people are sovereigns, at least in America, and as sovereigns, each has the responsibility to participate in and shape public life in the United States.

INSTITUTION

University of Southern California
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Peter Conn

By looking carefully at these texts, many of them still popular, we can gain valuable insights into our national history and culture. We will also have occasion to speculate on American values and the changing nature of American society.

INSTITUTION

University of Pennsylvania
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By This Professor

Great American Bestsellers: The Books That Shaped America
854
36 Revolutionary Figures of History

Trailer

King Narmer—The Unification of Egypt

01: King Narmer—The Unification of Egypt

(from Great Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, Lecture 1) How did ancient Egypt come to dominate the Near East for over 3,000 years? Find out in this exploration of the life and work of King Narmer: the revolutionary conqueror responsible for unifying Upper and Lower Egypt, and for establishing a political schema that created the world’s first true nation.

31 min
Confucius—In Praise of Sage-Kings

02: Confucius—In Praise of Sage-Kings

(from Great Minds of the Eastern Intellectual Tradition, Lecture 6) Examine the rich intellectual tradition of China’s first philosopher, Confucius. As you’ll learn, this sage’s collected sayings (the Analects) became the most influential book ever written in the Chinese language, and laid down a comprehensive worldview that guided students in East Asia for 2,500 years.

33 min
Socrates—A Revolution in Thought

03: Socrates—A Revolution in Thought

(from Masters of Greek Thought: Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle, Lecture 2) Without a doubt, Socrates is one of the most revolutionary figures in Western philosophy. How did people live in a “pre-Socratic” world? Why was Socrates’s shift to moral-political questions so groundbreaking? And what can an ancient Greek comedy by Aristophanes reveal about this great mind’s influence?

30 min
Hippocrates and the Origins of Western Medicine

04: Hippocrates and the Origins of Western Medicine

(from Doctors: The History of Scientific Medicine Revealed Through Biography, Lecture 1) Meet Hippocrates: the veritable father of modern scientific medicine, whose radical views dramatically altered how we think about illness—and how doctors treat their patients. Discover how this ancient doctor abandoned superstition in favor of groundbreaking medical concepts, skills, and ethics still in use today.

31 min
Artaxerxes II—The Longest-Ruling King

05: Artaxerxes II—The Longest-Ruling King

(from The Persian Empire, Lecture 21) Artaxerxes II was the longest-ruling king of the entire Achaemenid Dynasty. So why is one of Persia’s most important kings one of its least appreciated? Rediscover the dramatic impact of a king who defeated revolts, negotiated peace with the Spartans, and stabilized an empire’s hold on the ancient world.

30 min
Alexander the Great and the Shadow of Rome

06: Alexander the Great and the Shadow of Rome

(from Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire, Lecture 36) Almost every revolutionary figure in history is indebted to Alexander the Great. In this lecture, get a fascinating assessment of Alexander’s contribution to military history. Also, take a closer look at just how much the Macedonian king’s career influenced later generations of conquerors and leaders.

30 min
Virgil—Rome’s Epic Historian

07: Virgil—Rome’s Epic Historian

(from Great Authors of the Western Literary Tradition, 2nd Edition, Lecture 19) With the Aeneid, Virgil created one of the most influential texts in ancient Rome—and all of Western civilization. Here, read between the lines of Virgil’s psychologically complex epic poem (inspired by the works of Homer) and get a better sense of its critical role in our literary tradition.

32 min
Caesar and the Conquest of Gaul

08: Caesar and the Conquest of Gaul

(from Famous Romans, Lecture 9) Where can one find the roots of what made Julius Caesar one of ancient Rome’s most revolutionary figures? Join an award-winning historian as he recreates the story of Caesar’s career and his dramatic conquest of Gaul—which would transform both the future of Rome and western Europe.

31 min
The First Emperor—Augustus

09: The First Emperor—Augustus

(from Emperors of Rome, Lecture 4) Fascinating, intriguing, opaque—Augustus is arguably the single most important figure in all of Roman history, and a giant in the history of Europe. In this lecture, delve into Augustus’s evolution from avenging revolutionary to senior statesman who ushered in the glory and grandeur of the Augustan Age.

30 min
Jesus and the Kingdom of God

10: Jesus and the Kingdom of God

(from Confucius, Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad, Lecture 21) Why were Jesus’s ideas about God’s kingdom as an earthly reality so groundbreaking? How did his parables and miracles disrupt the apparent order of the world and spark a movement that would become one of the greatest religions in human history? Find out in this insightful, illuminating lecture.

33 min
The Christian Emperor—Constantine

11: The Christian Emperor—Constantine

(from Emperors of Rome, Lecture 35) If the transition between the ancient and medieval worlds had a spark, it would undoubtedly be the reign of Constantine. The effects of his achievements would cascade into future ages, influencing events from the Great Schism to the Crusades. But this lecture asks an intriguing question: How much of Constantine’s conversion can be attributed to religious principle and how much to political expedience?

29 min
Muhammad—Prophet and Statesman

12: Muhammad—Prophet and Statesman

(from Great World Religions: Islam, Lecture 3) Muhammad’s dual role as God’s messenger and a living model of the Quran’s teachings had a major influence on religious history and international politics for more than 14 centuries. Learn how Islam’s central figure guided the military, political, and social development of the new Muslim community.

31 min
William the Conqueror—England Transformed

13: William the Conqueror—England Transformed

(from Turning Points in Medieval History, Lecture 9) Few turning points in history are as immediately transformative as the Battle of Hastings—a clash that dramatically altered the future of Europe on a single day in 1066. In this lecture, you’ll hear a blow-by-blow account of the battle and meet the conqueror whose power, ambition, and will sparked this definitive moment in the history of the Middle Ages.

29 min
Thomas Aquinas—Christian Aristotelianism

14: Thomas Aquinas—Christian Aristotelianism

(from Great Minds of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 3rd Edition, Lecture 3) Western thought would be radically different without Thomas Aquinas, who adapted Aristotelian thought (including logic, epistemology, and teleology) to the specific needs of Christian questions. What did this mean for the future of philosophy and theology? Grasp Aquinas’s significance in his time—and ours.

31 min
Geoffrey Chaucer—Cosmopolitan Poet

15: Geoffrey Chaucer—Cosmopolitan Poet

(from History of the English Language, 2nd Edition, Lecture 10) The English language as we know it is forever indebted to Geoffrey Chaucer. More than just the author of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer brought together Latin, French, and English into a fascinating synthesis of regional dialects. Learn how this medieval poet deployed new words, rhythms, and attitudes in his writing that would forever alter communication in an increasingly interconnected Europe.

30 min
Martin Luther and Modernity

16: Martin Luther and Modernity

(from Luther: Gospel, Law, and Reformation, Lecture 24) Many scholars attribute the start of the modern era to the dramatic split in Christendom that began with Martin Luther. Luther and the Protestant Reformation he inspired shook the religious landscape of medieval Europe. But what do his ideas and legacy mean for us today?

31 min
Nicolaus Copernicus and the Moving Earth

17: Nicolaus Copernicus and the Moving Earth

(from Great Scientific Ideas That Changed the World, Lecture 12) History’s greatest scientists are forever indebted to the radical reconceptualization of Earth’s place in the cosmos formulated in the 16th century by Nicolaus Copernicus. In this lecture, you’ll explore the Earth-centered beliefs of Copernicus’s time, consider some of the issues behind his theory of a moving Earth, and see how his followers dramatically transformed this theory in the century after his death.

30 min
Galileo Galilei—The New Physics

18: Galileo Galilei—The New Physics

(from History of Science: Antiquity to 1700, Lecture 29) The early 17th century was a fertile—and tumultuous—period in the history of physics and astronomy. And the contributions of Galileo helped to undermine preconceived notions of how the physical world behaved. In this lecture, take a look at Galileo’s groundbreaking discoveries about motion. Then, experience one of the most intense moments in the conflict between science and faith: Galileo’s confrontations with the Catholic Church.

32 min
Freedom of Worship—Roger Williams

19: Freedom of Worship—Roger Williams

(from Turning Points in American History, Lecture 3) The concept of religious liberty is at the core of what made the United States of America such a radical political experiment. But few people know the name of the man who first codified religious freedom in the American colonies: Roger Williams. Learn how this man’s ideas brought about an explosion of religious diversity in America and influenced the Founders in creating the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

32 min
The Force of Isaac Newton

20: The Force of Isaac Newton

(from History of Science: Antiquity to 1700, Lecture 34) Isaac Newton is the culmination of the Scientific Revolution and the prototype of the modern scientist. Strengthen your appreciation of this brilliant mind and the way he drew together several strands of science (physics, mathematics, cosmology, and astronomy) to create the “Newtonian synthesis.”

32 min
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek—Microscopic World

21: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek—Microscopic World

(from Turning Points in Modern History, Lecture 7) Although microscopes had been in existence for decades, in 1676, the Dutch merchant Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used them to see, for the first time, the microorganisms teeming all around us. His discovery of a world invisible to the naked eye was, in many ways, a moment in history on par with the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus. Meet the man who revealed to modern science the fascinating world of blood cells, bacteria, mold spores, and other microbes by the score.

31 min
Thomas Paine and Common Sense

22: Thomas Paine and Common Sense

(from Origins and Ideologies of the American Revolution, Lecture 23) Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, published in 1776, was a veritable blueprint for the American Revolution and the subsequent creation of the United States of America. Get the full story behind this iconic work’s key arguments—and the master propagandist who wrote them and inspired one of history’s greatest revolutions.

32 min
Samuel Slater and the Industrial Revolution

23: Samuel Slater and the Industrial Revolution

(from Turning Points in American History, Lecture 11) America’s Industrial Revolution had a vast impact on the nation and, indeed, the world. It shaped everything from agriculture and gender roles to public education and entertainment. And it all started with Samuel Slater. How did his textile manufacturing establishment unleash such a tidal wave of progress?

33 min
Immanuel Kant’s Copernican Revolution

24: Immanuel Kant’s Copernican Revolution

(from Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida, Lecture 8) Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason radically altered how Western philosophers approached the theory of knowledge. Look at Kant’s revolutionary ideas as laid down in this profound intellectual work. How can one know necessary truths about reality? It’s a mind-boggling question, to which Kant, reacting to the work of his predecessors, would provide a novel response.

31 min
Napoleon—Rise and Fall of an Emperor

25: Napoleon—Rise and Fall of an Emperor

(from Long 19th Century: European History from 1789 to 1917, Lecture 5) Any consideration of the world’s revolutionary figures would have to include Napoleon Bonaparte: the adventurer, the general, the conqueror, the egomaniac. Follow the story of the rise and fall of this captivating individual, whose marred legacy dominates European history like almost no other.

30 min
Karl Marx on Alienation

26: Karl Marx on Alienation

(from Great Minds of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 3rd Edition, Lecture 55) Communism, one of the defining ideologies of the 20th century, stems from the ideas and writings of Karl Marx. And the root of his views was a pervasive sense of alienation from the economic and political systems of his time. From his connections with Sigmund Freud to his creation of The Communist Manifesto, survey the intellectual development of one of modern philosophy’s boldest, most influential minds—the man who would go on to inspire future generations of radicals and revolutionaries.

31 min
Charles Darwin and Natural Selection

27: Charles Darwin and Natural Selection

(from Darwinian Revolution, Lecture 24) The revolution sparked by the work of Charles Darwin had powerful, far-reaching implications for science, philosophy, and religion. Here, take stock of the Darwinian Revolution by focusing on its interaction with religion and its repercussions for science in the 21st century (specifically evolutionary theory).

29 min
Harriet Beecher Stowe—Galvanizing a Nation

28: Harriet Beecher Stowe—Galvanizing a Nation

(from Great American Bestsellers: The Books That Shaped America, Lecture 5) Can a single book reshape an entire nation’s attitudes? Find out in this lecture on American author Harriet Beecher Stowe and her book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. You’ll learn how this bestseller drew America’s attention to the injustices of slavery and how (more than 150 years later), it still provokes debate.

32 min
Abraham Lincoln—The Emancipation Moment

29: Abraham Lincoln—The Emancipation Moment

(from Mr. Lincoln: The Life of Abraham Lincoln, Lecture 9) Revisit one of the most pivotal and revolutionary moments of Abraham Lincoln’s presidency: the linking of the Civil War to the ending of slavery. You’ll focus on Lincoln’s relationship with the strategically lethargic General George McClellan and the development of the Emancipation Proclamation.

32 min
Queen Victoria—“We Are Not Amused”

30: Queen Victoria—“We Are Not Amused”

(from European History and European Lives: 1715 to 1914, Lecture 31) Queen Victoria’s role as head of the British monarchy was so influential that an entire era of history was named after her. Get insights into her life and her history-defining reign, which included radical transformations in the British political system and an ever-expanding empire that stretched around the globe.

31 min
Albert Einstein and Special Relativity

31: Albert Einstein and Special Relativity

(from Albert Einstein: Physicist, Philosopher, Humanitarian, Lecture 5) Go inside Albert Einstein’s radical special theory of relatively, which changed how we see the world (and also gave us the signature equation, E=mc2). No other single contribution to physics, before or since, would be as important (or as culturally celebrated) as this one.

31 min
Hitler’s Foreign Policy

32: Hitler’s Foreign Policy

(from History of Hitler’s Empire, 2nd Edition, Lecture 8) Even history’s greatest monsters can be recognized as among its most revolutionary figures. A case in point is Adolf Hitler, who would plunge the nations of the world into total war and give modern history a new definition of evil. Learn why Hitler’s aims were about more than just world domination, and how they pushed nations toward a cataclysmic conflict.

32 min
The Legacy of Churchill

33: The Legacy of Churchill

(from Churchill, Lecture 12) Great statesmen like Winston Churchill are a rarity, which makes it essential to truly consider what made this man so indispensable to the course of human events during World War II. Take a closer look at Churchill’s political career, including his principles, his views on liberty and democracy, and more.

31 min
Mohandas Gandhi—Soul Force

34: Mohandas Gandhi—Soul Force

(from Great Minds of the Eastern Intellectual Tradition, Lecture 31) Nonviolent resistance and peaceful protest have been instrumental in civil rights moments around the world, and Mohandas Gandhi was first to use these strategies in the modern era to capture the world’s attention. Delve into the story of this revolutionary thinker, getting at the roots of the ideas that would helped win India its independence—and go went on to inspire civic leaders from Martin Luther King, Jr., to Nelson Mandela.

32 min
An Appraisal of Mao Zedong

35: An Appraisal of Mao Zedong

(from Fall and Rise of China, Lecture 28) How do we make sense of Mao Zedong, the complex (and contradictory) revolutionary who was a brilliant statesman and strategist—but also a ruthless man who enacted incredible damage on the people of China? Here, attempt to appraise Mao’s historical legacy by reintegrating these two divergent views.

30 min
Margaret Thatcher’s Counterrevolution

36: Margaret Thatcher’s Counterrevolution

(from The Conservative Tradition, Lecture 30) Follow the unlikely journey of Margaret Thatcher from shopkeeper’s daughter to the “Iron Lady” of Britain’s Conservative Party. It’s an engaging look at a recent revolutionary figure; a provocative examination of the first female prime minister in British history; and a fitting conclusion to this collection.

31 min

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